Package 'radsafer' reference manual

Title:	Radiation Safety
Description:	Provides functions for radiation safety, also known as "radiation protection" and "radiological control". The science of radiation protection is called "health physics" and its engineering functions are called "radiological engineering". Functions in this package cover many of the computations needed by radiation safety professionals. Examples include: obtaining updated calibration and source check values for radiation monitors to account for radioactive decay in a reference source, simulating instrument readings to better understand measurement uncertainty, correcting instrument readings for geometry and ambient atmospheric conditions. Many of these functions are described in Johnson and Kirby (2011, ISBN-13: 978-1609134198). Utilities are also included for developing inputs and processing outputs with radiation transport codes, such as MCNP, a general-purpose Monte Carlo N-Particle code that can be used for neutron, photon, electron, or coupled neutron/photon/electron transport (Werner et. al. (2018) <doi:10.2172/1419730>).
Authors:	Mark Hogue <[email protected]>
Maintainer:	Mark Hogue <[email protected]>
License:	GPL-3
Version:	2.3.0
Built:	2025-01-31 03:23:58 UTC
Source:	https://github.com/markhogue/radsafer

Correct for air density - useful for vented ion chambers

Description

Obtain a correction factor for ion chamber temperature and pressure vs reference calibration values.

Usage

air_dens_cf(T.actual, P.actual, T.ref = 20, P.ref = 760)
air_dens_cf(T.actual, P.actual, T.ref = 20, P.ref = 760)

Arguments

`T.actual`	The actual air temperature, in Celsius
`P.actual`	The actual air pressure, in mm Hg
`T.ref`	The reference air temperature - default is 20C
`P.ref`	The reference air pressure - default is 760 mm Hg

Value

The ratio of actual to reference air density.

Examples

air_dens_cf(T.actual = 20, P.actual = 760, T.ref = 20, P.ref = 760)
air_dens_cf(30, 750)
air_dens_cf(T.actual = 20, P.actual = 760, T.ref = 20, P.ref = 760)
air_dens_cf(30, 750)

Calculate fractional solid angle for disk to disk

Description

Returns fractional solid angle for a geometry frequently encountered in health physics analysis of air samples or disk smears. This is useful in correcting configurations that do not exactly match calibration (by ratioing the respective fractional solid angles). While units of steridian are used for solid angle, this function only uses a fraction of the total field of view.

Usage

disk_to_disk_solid_angle(
  r.source,
  gap,
  r.detector,
  plot.opt = "n",
  runs = 10000,
  off_center = 0,
  beep = "off"
)
disk_to_disk_solid_angle(
  r.source,
  gap,
  r.detector,
  plot.opt = "n",
  runs = 10000,
  off_center = 0,
  beep = "off"
)

Arguments

`r.source`	source radius (all units must be consistent)
`gap`	distance between source and detector
`r.detector`	detector radius
`plot.opt`	plot options - "2d", "3d" or "n".
`runs`	Number of particles to simulate. Running more particles improves accuracy. Default = 1e4.
`off_center`	measure of eccentricity between the center of the source and the center of the disk. This is applied to the x-dimension of the source.
`beep`	Set to "on" if desired. Default is "off". Alerts to end of run if runs is set to a high number.

Value

Fractional solid angle and plot of simulation.

References

https://karthikkaranth.me/blog/generating-random-points-in-a-sphere/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algorithms_for_calculating_variance

Examples

disk_to_disk_solid_angle(r.source = 15, gap = 20, r.detector = 10, plot.opt = "n", runs = 1e3)
disk_to_disk_solid_angle(r.source = 15, gap = 20, r.detector = 10, plot.opt = "n", runs = 1e3)

Correct activity-dependent value based on radioactive decay.

Description

Decay-corrected values are provided. Either a single or multiple values are computed. The computation is made either based on a single radionuclide, or based on user-provided half-life, with time unit. The differential time is either computed based on dates entered or time lapsed based on the time unit. Time units must be consistent. Decay-correct a source to today's date by assigning a reference date1 and allowing default date2, the system date.

Usage

dk_correct(
  RN_select = NULL,
  half_life = NULL,
  time_unit = NULL,
  time_lapse = NULL,
  date1 = NULL,
  date2 = Sys.Date(),
  A1 = 1,
  num = FALSE
)
dk_correct(
  RN_select = NULL,
  half_life = NULL,
  time_unit = NULL,
  time_lapse = NULL,
  date1 = NULL,
  date2 = Sys.Date(),
  A1 = 1,
  num = FALSE
)

Arguments

`RN_select`	identify the radionuclide of interest in the format, "Es-254m" Required unless `half_life` is entered.
`half_life`	Required if `RN_select` is not provided.
`time_unit`	acceptable values are "years", "days", "hours", "minutes", and "seconds". May be shortened to "y", "d", "h", "m", and "s". Required if `half_life` or `time_lapse` are to be entered.
`time_lapse`	a single value or vector of values representing time lapsed since `date1`, with units identified in `time_unit`. Positive values represent time past `date1`. Negative values represent time before `date1`. Required unless `date1` is entered.
`date1`	Reference date - Required unless using `time_lapse`. Format is required to be date-only: "YYYY-MM-DD" (e.g. "1999-12-31"). If `half_life` is short relative to calendar dates, use `time_lapse` instead.
`date2`	Date or dates of interest. Default is today's date, obtained from the computer operating system.
`A1`	The reference activity or related parameter, such as count rate or dose rate. Default value is 1, resulting in a returned value that may be used as a correction factor.
`num`	Set for TRUE to facilitate as.numeric results. Default = FALSE.

Value

Decay adjusted activity or related parameter. See A1.

Examples


# RN_select and date1 (saving numerical data)
my_dks <- dk_correct(
  RN_select = "Sr-90",
  date1 = "2009-01-01",
  date2 = "2019-01-01",
  num = TRUE
)

#   RN_select and time_lapse (random sample)
dk_correct(
  RN_select = base::sample(RadData::ICRP_07.NDX$RN, 1),
  time_lapse = 1:10,
  time_unit = base::sample(c("y", "d", "h", "m", "s"), 1)
)

#   half_life and date1
dk_correct(
  half_life = 10,
  time_unit = "y",
  date1 = "2009-01-01",
  date2 = c(
    "2015-01-01",
    "2016-01-01",
    "2017-01-01"
  )
)

#   half_life and time_lapse
dk_correct(
  half_life = 10,
  time_lapse = 10,
  time_unit = "y"
)

# decay to today
dk_correct(RN_select = "Sr-90", date1 = "2009-01-01")

# reverse decay - find out what readings should have been in the past given today's reading of 3000
dk_correct(
  RN_select = "Sr-90",
  date1 = "2019-01-01",
  date2 = c("2009-01-01", "1999-01-01"),
  A1 = 3000
)
# RN_select and date1 (saving numerical data)
my_dks <- dk_correct(
  RN_select = "Sr-90",
  date1 = "2009-01-01",
  date2 = "2019-01-01",
  num = TRUE
)

#   RN_select and time_lapse (random sample)
dk_correct(
  RN_select = base::sample(RadData::ICRP_07.NDX$RN, 1),
  time_lapse = 1:10,
  time_unit = base::sample(c("y", "d", "h", "m", "s"), 1)
)

#   half_life and date1
dk_correct(
  half_life = 10,
  time_unit = "y",
  date1 = "2009-01-01",
  date2 = c(
    "2015-01-01",
    "2016-01-01",
    "2017-01-01"
  )
)

#   half_life and time_lapse
dk_correct(
  half_life = 10,
  time_lapse = 10,
  time_unit = "y"
)

# decay to today
dk_correct(RN_select = "Sr-90", date1 = "2009-01-01")

# reverse decay - find out what readings should have been in the past given today's reading of 3000
dk_correct(
  RN_select = "Sr-90",
  date1 = "2019-01-01",
  date2 = c("2009-01-01", "1999-01-01"),
  A1 = 3000
)

Number of half-lives past

Description

Given a percentage reduction in activity, calculate how many half-lives have passed.

Usage

dk_pct_to_num_half_life(pct_lost)
dk_pct_to_num_half_life(pct_lost)

Arguments

pct_lost

Percentage of activity lost since reference time.

Value

Number of half-lives passed.

Examples

dk_pct_to_num_half_life(pct_lost = 93.75)
dk_pct_to_num_half_life(pct_lost = 93.75)

Time to decay to target radioactivity.

Description

Calculate time for a radionuclide to decay to a target activity.

Usage

dk_time(half_life, A0, A1)
dk_time(half_life, A0, A1)

Arguments

`half_life`	Half-life. Units are arbitrary, but must match time past.
`A0`	The original activity, or related parameter.
`A1`	The target activity.

Value

Time, in same units as half-life, to decay to target activity.

Examples

# A carbonaceous artifact has a C-14 measurement of 1 dpm per g pure carbon.
# The reference activity is 14 dpm per g pure carbon. How old is our sample?
dk_time(half_life = 5730, A0 = 14, A1 = 1)
# A carbonaceous artifact has a C-14 measurement of 1 dpm per g pure carbon.
# The reference activity is 14 dpm per g pure carbon. How old is our sample?
dk_time(half_life = 5730, A0 = 14, A1 = 1)

Calculate half-life based on two data points

Description

Estimate half-life from two data points. Half-life units are consistent with time units of input. @family rad measurements

Usage

half_life_2pt(time1, time2, N1, N2)
half_life_2pt(time1, time2, N1, N2)

Arguments

`time1`	First time: Must be numeric with no formatting.
`time2`	Second time: Must be numeric with no formatting.
`N1`	First measurement - can be count rate, dose rate, etc.
`N2`	Second measurement in units consistent with first measurement.

Value

The calculated half-life in units of time input.

Examples

# Between the first two data points in a series of counts
half_life_2pt(time1 = 0, time2 = 1, N1 = 45, N2 = 30)
#
# Between the second and third in the series (same intervals)
half_life_2pt(time1 = 1, time2 = 2, N1 = 30, N2 = 21)
#
# Use on a series
count_times <- 1:5
acts <- 10000 * 2^(-count_times / 10) # activities
acts <- rpois(5, acts) # activities with counting variability applied
half_life_2pt(
  time1 = count_times[1:4], time2 = count_times[2:5],
  N1 = acts[1:4], N2 = acts[2:5]
)
# Between the first two data points in a series of counts
half_life_2pt(time1 = 0, time2 = 1, N1 = 45, N2 = 30)
#
# Between the second and third in the series (same intervals)
half_life_2pt(time1 = 1, time2 = 2, N1 = 30, N2 = 21)
#
# Use on a series
count_times <- 1:5
acts <- 10000 * 2^(-count_times / 10) # activities
acts <- rpois(5, acts) # activities with counting variability applied
half_life_2pt(
  time1 = count_times[1:4], time2 = count_times[2:5],
  N1 = acts[1:4], N2 = acts[2:5]
)

half-value layer and tenth-value layer computations

Description

Derive hvl and tvl from radiation values through a material thickness.

Usage

hvl(x, y)
hvl(x, y)

Arguments

`x`	material thickness
`y`	radiation measure through the material

Value

a data frame with the inputs, followed by the computed values for attenuation coefficient (listed as "mu"), half-value layer (hvl), tenth-value layer (tvl), and the homogeneity coefficient (hc) which is the ratio of a half-value layer to the following half-value layer.

Examples

H50_ex <- data.frame("mm_Al" = 0:5, "mR_h" = c(7.428, 6.272, 5.325,4.535, 3.878, 3.317))
hvl(x = H50_ex$mm_Al, y = H50_ex$mR_h) 
H50_ex <- data.frame("mm_Al" = 0:5, "mR_h" = c(7.428, 6.272, 5.325,4.535, 3.878, 3.317))
hvl(x = H50_ex$mm_Al, y = H50_ex$mR_h)

MCNP Cone Opening Parameter

Description

MCNP cone surface requires a term, t^2, which is the tangent of the cone angle, in radians, squared. This function takes an input in degrees and provides the parameter needed by MCNP.

Usage

mcnp_cone_angle(d)
mcnp_cone_angle(d)

Arguments

`d`	The cone angle in degrees.

Value

tangent of cone angle squared

Examples

mcnp_cone_angle(45)
mcnp_cone_angle(45)

Copy and paste MCNP tally fluctuation charts

Description

Provides quick estimate of number of particles histories, (nps) to obtain target MCNP 'error'. Paste may include up to three tallies side by side in the default MCNP order. For example, the headers of a three tally report includes column names: nps, mean, error, vov, slope, fom, mean, error, vov, slope, fom, mean, error, vov, slope, fom. The structure of the tfc has been the same for versions 4 through 6, including MCNPX.

Usage

mcnp_est_nps(err_target)
mcnp_est_nps(err_target)

Arguments

err_target

The target Monte Carlo uncertainty

Value

estimate of number of particle histories needed

Examples

# Since this function requires the user
# to copy and paste input, this example
# is set up to provide data for this purpose.
# To run the example, copy and paste the following
# into an input file and delete the hash tags to run.
# Enter '1' for number of tallies.
# mcnp_est_nps(0.01)
#      32768000   4.5039E+00 0.2263 0.0969  0.0 5.0E-02
#      65536000   3.9877E+00 0.1561 0.0553  0.0 5.1E-02
#      98304000   3.4661E+00 0.1329 0.0413  0.0 4.7E-02
#     131072000   3.5087E+00 0.1132 0.0305  0.0 5.0E-02
#     163840000   3.5568E+00 0.0995 0.0228  0.0 5.2E-02
#     196608000   3.8508E+00 0.0875 0.0164  0.0 5.5E-02
#     229376000   3.8564E+00 0.0810 0.0135  0.0 5.5E-02
#     262144000   3.9299E+00 0.0760 0.0118  0.0 5.5E-02
#     294912000   4.0549E+00 0.0716 0.0100  0.0 5.6E-02
#     327680000   4.0665E+00 0.0686 0.0090  0.0 5.4E-02
#     360448000   4.1841E+00 0.0641 0.0079  0.0 5.7E-02
# Since this function requires the user
# to copy and paste input, this example
# is set up to provide data for this purpose.
# To run the example, copy and paste the following
# into an input file and delete the hash tags to run.
# Enter '1' for number of tallies.
# mcnp_est_nps(0.01)
#      32768000   4.5039E+00 0.2263 0.0969  0.0 5.0E-02
#      65536000   3.9877E+00 0.1561 0.0553  0.0 5.1E-02
#      98304000   3.4661E+00 0.1329 0.0413  0.0 4.7E-02
#     131072000   3.5087E+00 0.1132 0.0305  0.0 5.0E-02
#     163840000   3.5568E+00 0.0995 0.0228  0.0 5.2E-02
#     196608000   3.8508E+00 0.0875 0.0164  0.0 5.5E-02
#     229376000   3.8564E+00 0.0810 0.0135  0.0 5.5E-02
#     262144000   3.9299E+00 0.0760 0.0118  0.0 5.5E-02
#     294912000   4.0549E+00 0.0716 0.0100  0.0 5.6E-02
#     327680000   4.0665E+00 0.0686 0.0090  0.0 5.4E-02
#     360448000   4.1841E+00 0.0641 0.0079  0.0 5.7E-02

Rotation matrices for transformations in MCNP

Description

Create 3 x 3 rotation matrix in cosines of the angles between the main and auxiliary coordinate systems in the form: xx' yx' zx' xy' yy' zy' xz' yz' zz'

Usage

mcnp_matrix_rotations(rot.axis, angle_degrees)
mcnp_matrix_rotations(rot.axis, angle_degrees)

Arguments

`rot.axis`	axis of rotation
`angle_degrees`	degree of rotation

Value

rotational matrix for copy and paste to MCNP input

Examples

mcnp_matrix_rotations("x", 30)
mcnp_matrix_rotations("y", 7)
mcnp_matrix_rotations("z", 15)
# For combined rotations, use matrix multiplication (%*%)
# rotate 45 degrees on x-axis and 45 degrees on y-axis
mcnp_matrix_rotations("x", 45) %*% mcnp_matrix_rotations("y", 45)
mcnp_matrix_rotations("x", 30)
mcnp_matrix_rotations("y", 7)
mcnp_matrix_rotations("z", 15)
# For combined rotations, use matrix multiplication (%*%)
# rotate 45 degrees on x-axis and 45 degrees on y-axis
mcnp_matrix_rotations("x", 45) %*% mcnp_matrix_rotations("y", 45)

Make mesh tally size settings for MCNP

Description

#' : Find the parameters needed for a rectilinear "superimposed mesh tally b" in MCNP. It can be a challenge to center mesh tally bins at a desired value of x, y, or z. This function looks at a single dimension, – in units of cm – at a time. This is a new function and hasn't been tested thoroughly. The idea is to identify a single setting in the MCNP mesh tally for imesh and iints (or jmesh and jints or kmesh and kints). It is designed only for uniform mesh bin sizes.

Usage

mcnp_mesh_bins(
  target,
  width,
  lowest_less,
  lowest_high,
  highest_high,
  highest_less
)
mcnp_mesh_bins(
  target,
  width,
  lowest_less,
  lowest_high,
  highest_high,
  highest_less
)

Arguments

`target`	the desired center a single mesh
`width`	the individual mesh
`lowest_less`	in the direction of a decreasing dimension, what is the lowest that it can go and still be acceptable?
`lowest_high`	in the direction of an increasing dimension, what is the lowest that it can go and still be acceptable?
`highest_high`	in the direction of an increasing dimension, what is the highest that it can go and still be acceptable?
`highest_less`	in the direction of a decreasing dimension, what is the highest that it can go and still be acceptable?

Value

a data frame providing:

low_set, the minimum dimension. This is probably best used in the origin parameter in the MCNP mesh tally. high_set, the maximum dimension for the bin. This can be identified in the MCNP mesh tally setting of imesh, jmesh, or kmesh. width, this is just a return of the parameter supplied to the function. numblocks, the number of fine meshes. This can be used in the MCNP mesh tally setting of iints, jints, or kints.

Examples

mcnp_mesh_bins(target = 30, width = 10, lowest_less = 0,
 highest_less = 15, highest_high = 304.8, lowest_high = 250)
#'
mcnp_mesh_bins(target = 30, width = 10, lowest_less = 0,
 highest_less = 15, highest_high = 304.8, lowest_high = 250)
#'

Convert histogram data to average points and plot as spectrum.

Description

Model results or input source histograms from MCNP and perhaps other sources typically provide binned tally results with columns representing maximum energy in MeV, a column with the mean tally result or bin probability and an uncertainty column (not used). Once the data is scanned in, or otherwise entered into the R global environment, they can be plotted with this function.

Usage

mcnp_plot_out_spec(spec.df, title = deparse(substitute(spec.df)), log_plot = 0)
mcnp_plot_out_spec(spec.df, title = deparse(substitute(spec.df)), log_plot = 0)

Arguments

`spec.df`	A data frame with no header. Maximum energy in MeV should be in the first column, (named E_MeV), and binned results in the second column, (named prob).
`title`	Title for chart (default = name of spec.df)
`log_plot`	0 = no log axes (default), 1 = log y-axis, 2 = log both axes.

Examples

mcnp_plot_out_spec(photons_cs137_hist, "example Cs-137 well irradiator")
mcnp_plot_out_spec(photons_cs137_hist, "example Cs-137 well irradiator")

Copy and paste MCNP output spectral data for use with `mcnp_plot_out_spec()`

Description

Provides quick copy-and-paste conversion to data frame. Paste either a source histogram distribution or tally spectrum from MCNP outputs. Three-column output tally spectra have columns of maximum energy, bin tally, and relative Monte Carlo uncertainty for the bin tally value. Four-column source histogram distributions have columns of entry number, maximum energy, cumulative probability, and bin probability. Seven-column biased histogram distributions have columns of entry number, maximum energy, cumulative probability, biased cumulative probability, probability of bin, biased probability, and weight multiplier. In all cases, only the maximum energy and bin probability or result values are used.

Usage

mcnp_scan_save()
mcnp_scan_save()

Value

spectrum file with maximum energy and MCNP bin value

Examples

# Since this function requires the user
# to copy and paste input, this example
# is set up to provide data for this purpose.
# To run the example, copy and paste the following
# into an input file and delete the hash tags to run.
# my_hist_data <- mcnp_scan_save()
# 0.1000000 3.133122e-05 0.3348260
# 0.4222222 6.731257e-05 0.2017546
# 0.7444444 5.249198e-05 0.4524577
# 1.0666667 2.046046e-04 0.4201954
# 1.3888889 1.525125e-03 0.8049388
# 1.7111111 2.922743e-05 0.7985399
# 2.0333333 5.162954e-03 0.1974694
# 2.3555556 2.048186e-05 0.5011170
# 2.6777778 1.468040e-04 0.7248116
# 3.0000000 1.037092e-04 0.7659850
# Since this function requires the user
# to copy and paste input, this example
# is set up to provide data for this purpose.
# To run the example, copy and paste the following
# into an input file and delete the hash tags to run.
# my_hist_data <- mcnp_scan_save()
# 0.1000000 3.133122e-05 0.3348260
# 0.4222222 6.731257e-05 0.2017546
# 0.7444444 5.249198e-05 0.4524577
# 1.0666667 2.046046e-04 0.4201954
# 1.3888889 1.525125e-03 0.8049388
# 1.7111111 2.922743e-05 0.7985399
# 2.0333333 5.162954e-03 0.1974694
# 2.3555556 2.048186e-05 0.5011170
# 2.6777778 1.468040e-04 0.7248116
# 3.0000000 1.037092e-04 0.7659850

Copy and paste MCNP output spectral data to directly plot

Description

Provides quick copy-and-paste to plot. Paste either a source histogram distribution or tally spectrum from MCNP outputs. Three-column output tally spectra have columns of maximum energy, bin tally, and relative Monte Carlo uncertainty for the bin tally value. Four-column source histogram distributions have columns of entry number, maximum energy, cumulative probability, and bin probability. In either case, only the maximum energy and bin probability or result values are used.

Usage

mcnp_scan2plot(title = "", log_plot = FALSE)
mcnp_scan2plot(title = "", log_plot = FALSE)

Arguments

`title`	Title for chart (default = name of spec.df)
`log_plot`	0 = no log axes (default), 1 = log y-axis, 2 = log both axes.

Value

spectrum file with maximum energy and MCNP bin value

Examples

# Since this function requires the user
# to copy and paste input, this three column example
# is set up to provide data for this purpose.
# To run the example, copy and paste the following
# into an input file and delete the hash tags to run.
# mcnp_scan2plot(title = "example1")
# 0.1000000 3.133122e-05 0.3348260
# 0.4222222 6.731257e-05 0.2017546
# 0.7444444 5.249198e-05 0.4524577
# 1.0666667 2.046046e-04 0.4201954
# 1.3888889 1.525125e-03 0.8049388
# 1.7111111 2.922743e-05 0.7985399
# 2.0333333 5.162954e-03 0.1974694
# 2.3555556 2.048186e-05 0.5011170
# 2.6777778 1.468040e-04 0.7248116
# 3.0000000 1.037092e-04 0.7659850
# Since this function requires the user
# to copy and paste input, this three column example
# is set up to provide data for this purpose.
# To run the example, copy and paste the following
# into an input file and delete the hash tags to run.
# mcnp_scan2plot(title = "example1")
# 0.1000000 3.133122e-05 0.3348260
# 0.4222222 6.731257e-05 0.2017546
# 0.7444444 5.249198e-05 0.4524577
# 1.0666667 2.046046e-04 0.4201954
# 1.3888889 1.525125e-03 0.8049388
# 1.7111111 2.922743e-05 0.7985399
# 2.0333333 5.162954e-03 0.1974694
# 2.3555556 2.048186e-05 0.5011170
# 2.6777778 1.468040e-04 0.7248116
# 3.0000000 1.037092e-04 0.7659850

energy distribution histogram from pasted data

Description

energy distribution histogram from pasted data

Usage

mcnp_sdef_erg_hist(
  entry_mode = "scan",
  my_dir = NULL,
  E_MeV = NULL,
  bin_prob = NULL,
  write_permit = "n",
  log_plot = 0
)
mcnp_sdef_erg_hist(
  entry_mode = "scan",
  my_dir = NULL,
  E_MeV = NULL,
  bin_prob = NULL,
  write_permit = "n",
  log_plot = 0
)

Arguments

`entry_mode`	How do you want to enter the data? Default is "scan", allowing you to copy and paste data in at prompts. The other option is "read". In read mode, you identify the data that is already loaded in R.
`my_dir`	Optional directory. The function will write to the working directory by default.
`E_MeV`	Energy bin levels in MeV.
`bin_prob`	Relative probability of bin energy.
`write_permit`	Set this to 'y' to allow writing output to your directory.
`log_plot`	0 = no log axes (default), 1 = log y-axis, 2 = log both axes.

Details

The output includes si# and sp#. The # should be changed to the appropriate distribution number. The data is saved in the global environment and appended to a file in the user's working directory, si_sp.txt. Two plots of the data are provided to the plot window, one with two linear axes and one with two log axes.

Value

A vector of energy bins and probabilities for an energy distribution, formatted as needed for MCNP input. It is designed for copying and pasting into an MCNP input.

Examples

## Not run: 
mcnp_sdef_erg_hist()

## End(Not run)
## Not run: 
mcnp_sdef_erg_hist()

## End(Not run)

Produce MCNP source terms from ICRP 107 data

Description

Obtain emission data from the RadData package and write to a file for use with the radiation transport code, MCNP.

Usage

mcnp_sdef_erg_line(
  desired_RN,
  rad_type = NULL,
  photon = FALSE,
  cut = 0.001,
  erg.dist = 1,
  my_dir = NULL,
  write_permit = "n"
)
mcnp_sdef_erg_line(
  desired_RN,
  rad_type = NULL,
  photon = FALSE,
  cut = 0.001,
  erg.dist = 1,
  my_dir = NULL,
  write_permit = "n"
)

Arguments

`desired_RN`	Radionuclide in form "Ba-137m"
`rad_type`	Radiation type, leave NULL if selecting photons or select from: 'X' for X-Ray 'G' for Gamma 'AE' for Auger Electron 'IE' for Internal Conversion Electron 'A' for Alpha 'AR' for Alpha Recoil 'B-' for Beta Negative 'AQ' for Annihilation Quanta 'B+' for Beta Positive 'PG' for Prompt Gamma 'DG' for Delayed Gamma 'DB' for Delayed Beta 'FF' for Fission Fragment 'N' for Neutron
`photon`	'Y' to select all rad_types that are photons
`cut`	minimum energy, defaults to 1e-3 MeV
`erg.dist`	energy distribution number for MCNP input
`my_dir`	Optional directory. The function will write an output text file, si_sp.txt to the working directory by default.
`write_permit`	Set this to 'y' to allow writing output to your directory.

Value

a data frame can be saved to memory if desired (i.e. by my_file <- mcnp_sdef_erg_line(...)). For use with MCNP, a text file, 'si_sp.txt' is written to working directory. If file already exists, it is appended. The file contains all emission energies in the si 'card' and the Line indicator, L is included, e.g. si1 L 0.01 (showing a first energy of 0.01 MeV). This is followed by the emission probability of each si entry. An additional text entry is made summing up the probabilities.

Examples

## Not run: 
mcnp_sdef_erg_line("Co-60", photon = TRUE, cut = 0.01, erg.dist = 13)
mcnp_sdef_erg_line("Sr-90", rad_type = "B-", cut = 0.01, erg.dist = 15)
mcnp_sdef_erg_line("Am-241", rad_type = "A", cut = 0.01, erg.dist = 23)

## End(Not run)
## Not run: 
mcnp_sdef_erg_line("Co-60", photon = TRUE, cut = 0.01, erg.dist = 13)
mcnp_sdef_erg_line("Sr-90", rad_type = "B-", cut = 0.01, erg.dist = 15)
mcnp_sdef_erg_line("Am-241", rad_type = "A", cut = 0.01, erg.dist = 23)

## End(Not run)

energy distribution histogram entries

Description

: This function is deprecated and will be removed in a future package revision. For now, it is still usable. The replacement, mcnp_sdef_erg_hist makes MCNP histogram probabilities for energy bins from data either copied and pasted or from the global environment.

Usage

mcnp_si_sp_hist(emin, bin_prob, my_dir = NULL, write_permit = "n")
mcnp_si_sp_hist(emin, bin_prob, my_dir = NULL, write_permit = "n")

Arguments

`emin`	A vector of lower bounding energy. (The highest energy is the higher bound.) If higher bounding energy data is available, convert it to lower bound by concatenating e.g. `emin = c(my_low-E, emax_data)`. This vector length must exceed the probability vector by 1.
`bin_prob`	A vector of the bin probabilities. There are n-1 probability values for n values of emin.
`my_dir`	Optional directory. The function will write an output text file, si_sp.txt to the working directory by default.
`write_permit`	Set this to 'y' to allow writing output to your directory.

Details

Data may be identified by named vector, e.g. my_emin_data, or by column of a data frame, e.g. photons_cs137_hist$E_MeV (which is in emax format) and photons_cs137_hist$prob (bin_prob).

Value

A vector of energy bins and probabilities for an energy distribution, formatted as needed for MCNP input. It is designed for copying and pasting into an MCNP input. (The # should be changed to the appropriate distribution number.) The data is saved in the global environment and appended to a file in the user's working directory, si_sp.txt. Two plots of the data are provided to the plot window, one with two linear axes and one with two log axes.

Examples

## Not run: 
mcnp_si_sp_hist(
  emin = c(0, photons_cs137_hist$E_MeV),
  bin_prob = photons_cs137_hist$prob
)

## End(Not run)
## Not run: 
mcnp_si_sp_hist(
  emin = c(0, photons_cs137_hist$E_MeV),
  bin_prob = photons_cs137_hist$prob
)

## End(Not run)

energy distribution histogram from pasted data

Description

Usage

mcnp_si_sp_hist_scan(ebin_mode = "emax", my_dir = NULL)
mcnp_si_sp_hist_scan(ebin_mode = "emax", my_dir = NULL)

Arguments

`ebin_mode`	Either "emin", lower bounding energy values are entered or "emax", upper bounding energy values are entered. If the length of the energy values scanned in are equal to the bin probabilities, a final bounding value (lowest in emax mode and highest in emin mode) will be scanned in.
`my_dir`	Optional directory. The function will write to the working directory by default.

Details

Data may be identified by named vector, e.g. my_emin_data, or by column of a data frame, e.g. photons_cs137_hist$E_MeV (which is in emax format) and photons_cs137_hist$prob (bin_prob).

Value

A vector of energy bins and probabilities for an energy distribution, formatted as needed for MCNP input. It is designed for copying and pasting into an MCNP input. (The # should be changed to the appropriate distribution number. The data is saved in the global environment and appended to a file in the user's working directory, si_sp.txt. Two plots of the data are provided to the plot window, one with two linear axes and one with two log axes.

Examples

## Not run: 
mcnp_si_sp_hist_scan()

## End(Not run)
## Not run: 
mcnp_si_sp_hist_scan()

## End(Not run)

Produce MCNP source terms from ICRP 107 data except beta

Description

#' : This function is deprecated and will be removed in a future package revision. For now, it is still usable. The replacement, mcnp_sdef_erg_line is the same function, renamed to be consistent with the name of function mcnp_sdef_erg_hist.

Usage

mcnp_si_sp_RD(
  desired_RN,
  rad_type = NULL,
  photon = FALSE,
  cut = 0.001,
  erg.dist = 1,
  my_dir = NULL,
  write_permit = "n"
)
mcnp_si_sp_RD(
  desired_RN,
  rad_type = NULL,
  photon = FALSE,
  cut = 0.001,
  erg.dist = 1,
  my_dir = NULL,
  write_permit = "n"
)

Arguments

`desired_RN`	Radionuclide in form "Ba-137m"
`rad_type`	Radiation type, leave NULL if selecting photons or select from: 'X' for X-Ray 'G' for Gamma 'AE' for Auger Electron 'IE' for Internal Conversion Electron 'A' for Alpha 'AR' for Alpha Recoil 'B-' for Beta Negative 'AQ' for Annihilation Quanta 'B+' for Beta Positive 'PG' for Prompt Gamma 'DG' for Delayed Gamma 'DB' for Delayed Beta 'FF' for Fission Fragment 'N' for Neutron
`photon`	'Y' to select all rad_types that are photons
`cut`	minimum energy, defaults to 1e-3 MeV
`erg.dist`	energy distribution number for MCNP input
`my_dir`	Optional directory. The function will write an output text file, si_sp.txt to the working directory by default.
`write_permit`	Set this to 'y' to allow writing output to your directory.

Value

a data frame can be saved to memory if desired (i.e. by my_file <- mcnp_si_sp_RD(...)). For use with MCNP, a text file, 'si_sp.txt' is written to working directory. If file already exists, it is appended. The file contains all emission energies in the si 'card' and the Line indicator, L is included, e.g. si1 L 0.01 (showing a first energy of 0.01 MeV). This is followed by the emission probability of each si entry. An additional text entry is made summing up the probabilities.

Examples

## Not run: 
mcnp_si_sp_RD("Co-60", photon = TRUE, cut = 0.01, erg.dist = 13)
mcnp_si_sp_RD("Sr-90", rad_type = "B-", cut = 0.01, erg.dist = 15)
mcnp_si_sp_RD("Am-241", rad_type = "A", cut = 0.01, erg.dist = 23)

## End(Not run)
## Not run: 
mcnp_si_sp_RD("Co-60", photon = TRUE, cut = 0.01, erg.dist = 13)
mcnp_si_sp_RD("Sr-90", rad_type = "B-", cut = 0.01, erg.dist = 15)
mcnp_si_sp_RD("Am-241", rad_type = "A", cut = 0.01, erg.dist = 23)

## End(Not run)

Solid Angle Correction for Neutron Detectors with Point Source

Description

Correction factors are needed when an Neutron Rem Detector (NRD) aka "Remball" is used in close proximity to a points source. This formula is per ISO ISO 8529-2-2000 section 6.2. Note, however, that the ISO formula predicts the response. The formula used here takes the inverse to correct for the over-response.

Usage

neutron_geom_cf(l, r.d, del = 0.5)
neutron_geom_cf(l, r.d, del = 0.5)

Arguments

`l`	The distance from the center of the detector to the center of the source. Units of l and r.d must be consistent.
`r.d`	The detector radius. Value for typical NRD is 11 cm. An example is also provided with a Rem 500 detector with a radius of 4.5 cm.
`del`	The neutron effectiveness factor, default per ISO.

Value

The correction factor for solid angle.

Examples

neutron_geom_cf(l = 11.1, r.d = 11)
neutron_geom_cf(30, 11)
neutron_geom_cf(5, 4.5)
neutron_geom_cf(l = 11.1, r.d = 11)
neutron_geom_cf(30, 11)
neutron_geom_cf(5, 4.5)

File Description:

Description

This data file was generated in MCNP from a model of Gamma Well Irradiator with no attenuator in place. MCNP will include in the output a histogram of tally results when there is an E Tally Energy card. Results in the output up to MCNP version 6 have no headers, but the columns are:

Usage

photons_cs137_hist
photons_cs137_hist

Format

A data.frame

E_max: Maximum Energy in MeV
bin_tally: Tally result for this bin
R: Monte Carlo uncertainty for this bin

Ratemeter Simulation

Description

Plot simulated ratemeter readings once per second for 600 seconds. The meter starts with a reading of zero and builds up based on the time constant. Resolution uncertainty is established to express the uncertainty from reading an analog scale, including the instability of its readings. Many standard references identify the precision or resolution uncertainty of analog readings as half of the smallest increment. This should be considered the single coverage uncertainty for a very stable reading. When a reading is not very stable, evaluation of the reading fluctuation is evaluated in terms of numbers of scale increments covered by meter indication over a reasonable evaluation period.

Usage

rate_meter_sim(
  cpm_equilibrium,
  meter_scale_increments,
  trials = 600,
  tau = 9.5,
  log_opt = ""
)
rate_meter_sim(
  cpm_equilibrium,
  meter_scale_increments,
  trials = 600,
  tau = 9.5,
  log_opt = ""
)

Arguments

`cpm_equilibrium`	The expected count rate.
`meter_scale_increments`	The meter scale increments.
`trials`	Number of seconds to run simulation. Default = 600.
`tau`	equal to the Resistance * Capacitance of the counting circuit. Units = seconds. Default set to 9.5, which provides 90% equilibrium in 22 seconds. If the user does not know the time constant, but has an estimate of equilibrium in some time, use tau.estimate.
`log_opt`	If logarithmic scale is needed, set to "y". If set to anything but blank (default), scale will be logarithmic.

Value

Plot of simulated meter reading every second..

Examples

rate_meter_sim(cpm_equilibrium = 270, meter_scale_increments = seq(100, 1000, 20))
rate_meter_sim(cpm_equilibrium = 2.7e5, meter_scale_increments = seq(2e5, 1e6, 2e4))
rate_meter_sim(450, seq(20, 1000, 20), trials = 1200, tau = 24.8534)
rate_meter_sim(cpm_equilibrium = 270, meter_scale_increments = seq(100, 1000, 20))
rate_meter_sim(cpm_equilibrium = 2.7e5, meter_scale_increments = seq(2e5, 1e6, 2e4))
rate_meter_sim(450, seq(20, 1000, 20), trials = 1200, tau = 24.8534)

Search for radioisotopes that dominate a specified energy bin

Description

Identify photon emitters that represent a target range of energies, while screening out other selected energy ranges. This may be helpful for identifying radionuclides in low-definition spectroscopy or in selecting representative spectra for modeling shielding.

Usage

RN_bin_screen_phot(
  E_min = 0,
  E_max = 10,
  min_prob = 0,
  min_half_life_seconds = NULL,
  max_half_life_seconds = NULL,
  no_E_min = 0,
  no_E_max = 10,
  no_min_prob = 100,
  no_E_min2 = 0,
  no_E_max2 = 10,
  no_min_prob2 = 100
)
RN_bin_screen_phot(
  E_min = 0,
  E_max = 10,
  min_prob = 0,
  min_half_life_seconds = NULL,
  max_half_life_seconds = NULL,
  no_E_min = 0,
  no_E_max = 10,
  no_min_prob = 100,
  no_E_min2 = 0,
  no_E_max2 = 10,
  no_min_prob2 = 100
)

Arguments

`E_min`	target energy range minimum in MeV, default = 0
`E_max`	target energy range maximum in MeV, default = 10
`min_prob`	minimum probability of selected range with default = 0.
`min_half_life_seconds`	minimum half-life in seconds. Use multiplier as needed, e.g. 3 * 3600 for 3 hours. Default = NULL,
`max_half_life_seconds`	maximum half-life. See min_half_life_seconds.
`no_E_min`, `no_E_min2`	minimum energies in ranges to minimize in MeV, default = 0
`no_E_max`, `no_E_max2`	maximum energies in bins to minimize in MeV, default = 10
`no_min_prob`, `no_min_prob2`	minimum probability to minimize with default = 100 (no minimum).

Value

radionuclides that match selection criteria

Examples

RN_bin_screen_phot(
  E_min = 0.1, E_max = 0.3,
  min_prob = 0.4, min_half_life_seconds = 30 * 24 * 3600,
  max_half_life_seconds = 3.153e7, no_E_min = 0.015,
  no_E_max = 0.0999, no_min_prob = 0.05, no_E_min2 = 0.301, no_E_max2 = 10, no_min_prob2 = 0.01
)
RN_bin_screen_phot(
  E_min = 0.1, E_max = 0.3,
  min_prob = 0.4, min_half_life_seconds = 30 * 24 * 3600,
  max_half_life_seconds = 3.153e7, no_E_min = 0.015,
  no_E_max = 0.0999, no_min_prob = 0.05, no_E_min2 = 0.301, no_E_max2 = 10, no_min_prob2 = 0.01
)

Find a potential precursor of a radionuclide @description Find a potential parent radionuclide by searching the progeny fields in RadData ICRP_07.NDX

Description

Find a potential precursor of a radionuclide @description Find a potential parent radionuclide by searching the progeny fields in RadData ICRP_07.NDX

Usage

RN_find_parent(RN_select)
RN_find_parent(RN_select)

Arguments

RN_select

identify the radionuclide of interest in the format "Es-254m"

Value

a subset of the data frame RadData::ICRP_07.NDX

Examples

Th_230_df <- RN_find_parent("Th-230")

Tl_208_df <- RN_find_parent("Tl-208")
Th_230_df <- RN_find_parent("Th-230")

Tl_208_df <- RN_find_parent("Tl-208")

Screen radionuclide data to find matches to decay mode, half-life, and total emission energy

Description

Provides a set of radionuclides matching screening criteria. This is a limited screening based on average energy per transformation. Consider RN_search_phot_by_E, RN_search_alpha_by_E, and RN_search_beta_by_E for spectroscopic measurement matching.

Usage

RN_index_screen(
  dk_mode = NULL,
  min_half_life_seconds = NULL,
  max_half_life_seconds = NULL,
  min_E_alpha = NULL,
  min_E_electron = NULL,
  min_E_photon = NULL
)
RN_index_screen(
  dk_mode = NULL,
  min_half_life_seconds = NULL,
  max_half_life_seconds = NULL,
  min_E_alpha = NULL,
  min_E_electron = NULL,
  min_E_photon = NULL
)

Arguments

`dk_mode`	default = NULL #' select from: 'A' for Alpha 'B-' for Beta Negative 'B+' for Beta Positive 'EC' for Electron Capture 'IT' for Isomeric Transition 'SF' for Spontaneous Fission
`min_half_life_seconds`	default = NULL. If half-life is known in units other than seconds, enter with conversion factor, e.g. for 15 minutes, enter min_half_life_seconds = 15 * 60.
`max_half_life_seconds`	default = NULL. If half-life is known in units other than seconds, enter with conversion factor, e.g. for 30 minutes, enter max_half_life_seconds = 30 * 60.
`min_E_alpha`	default = NULL. This will be used to screen the index for average alpha energy per decay, including all decay branches.
`min_E_electron`	default = NULL. This will be used to screen the index for average electron energy per decay, including all decay branches.
`min_E_photon`	default = NULL. This will be used to screen the index for average photon energy per decay, including all decay branches.

Value

data frame of radionuclide data from the RadData package index data (RadData::ICRP_07.NDX), matching search criteria.

Examples

RN_index_screen(dk_mode = "SF")
RN_index_screen(dk_mode = "IT", max_half_life_seconds = 433 * 3.15e7)
RN_index_screen(dk_mode = "SF")
RN_index_screen(dk_mode = "IT", max_half_life_seconds = 433 * 3.15e7)

Quick table of Radionuclide Data from the RadData package

Description

Access a quick summary of radionuclide data. This is for convenience only and does not replace a more comprehensive view as is available in the Radiological Toolbox doi:10.2172/1201298

Usage

RN_info(RN_select)
RN_info(RN_select)

Arguments

RN_select

identify the radionuclide of interest in the format "Es-254m"

Value

a table including half-life, decay modes, decay progeny, and branch fractions

Examples

Es_254m <- RN_info("Es-254m") #saves output to global environment
RN_info("Cf-252")
RN_info("Cs-137")
RN_info("Am-241")
Es_254m <- RN_info("Es-254m") #saves output to global environment
RN_info("Cf-252")
RN_info("Cs-137")
RN_info("Am-241")

Plot results of RN_search functions

Description

Plots results by radionuclide with E_MeV on x-axis and prob on y-axis.

Usage

RN_plot_search_results(
  discrete_df,
  title = deparse(substitute(discrete_df)),
  log_plot = 0
)
RN_plot_search_results(
  discrete_df,
  title = deparse(substitute(discrete_df)),
  log_plot = 0
)

Arguments

`discrete_df`	A data frame results from a `radsafer` search function. Columns must include RN, E_MeV, and prob, and code_AN.
`title`	Title for chart (default = name of search_results)
`log_plot`	0 = no log axes (default), 1 = log y-axis, 2 = log both axes.

Examples

search_results <- RN_search_phot_by_E(0.99, 1.01, 13 * 60, 15 * 60, 1e-4)
RN_plot_search_results(search_results, title = "example1", log_plot = 0)
search_results <- RN_search_phot_by_E(0.99, 1.01, 13 * 60, 15 * 60, 1e-4)
RN_plot_search_results(search_results, title = "example1", log_plot = 0)

Plot radionuclide emission spectra.

Description

Plot emission spectra based on radionuclide and desired radiation type. Plot on log axes if desired. Select cutoff value for probability optional, included at 1% by default. Plot includes energy times probability for dosimetric importance comparisons.

Usage

RN_plot_spectrum(
  desired_RN,
  rad_type = NULL,
  photon = FALSE,
  log_plot = 0,
  prob_cut = 0.01
)
RN_plot_spectrum(
  desired_RN,
  rad_type = NULL,
  photon = FALSE,
  log_plot = 0,
  prob_cut = 0.01
)

Arguments

`desired_RN`	Radionuclide in form "Ba-137m"
`rad_type`	Radiation type, leave NULL if selecting photons or select from: 'X' for X-Ray 'G' for Gamma 'AE' for Auger Electron 'IE' for Internal Conversion Electron 'A' for Alpha 'AR' for Alpha Recoil 'B-' for Beta Negative 'AQ' for Annihilation Quanta 'B+' for Beta Positive 'PG' for Prompt Gamma 'DG' for Delayed Gamma 'DB' for Delayed Beta 'FF' for Fission Fragment 'N' for Neutron
`photon`	Use only if you do not specify `rad_type`. TRUE will select all rad_types that are photons. Note that if you select `rad_type = "G"`, for example, you will not get X-rays or Annihilation Quanta (the 0.511 MeV photon from pair annihilation).
`log_plot`	0 = no log axes, 1 (default) = log y-axis, 2 = log both axes. This argument is ignored for B- plots.
`prob_cut`	minimum probability defaults to 0.01

Value

plot of spectrum

Examples

RN_plot_spectrum(
  desired_RN = c("Sr-90", "Y-90"), rad_type = "B-",
  photon = FALSE, prob_cut = 0.01
)
RN_plot_spectrum(
  desired_RN = c("Co-60", "Ba-137m"), rad_type = NULL,
  photon = TRUE, prob_cut = 0.015
)
RN_plot_spectrum(
  desired_RN = c("Co-60", "Ba-137m"), rad_type = NULL,
  photon = TRUE, log_plot = 0
)
RN_plot_spectrum(desired_RN = c("Co-60", "Ba-137m"), rad_type = "G")
RN_plot_spectrum(
  desired_RN = c("Pu-238", "Pu-239", "Am-241"), rad_type = "A",
  photon = FALSE, prob_cut = 0.01, log_plot = 0
)
RN_plot_spectrum(
  desired_RN = c("Sr-90", "Y-90"), rad_type = "B-",
  photon = FALSE, prob_cut = 0.01
)
RN_plot_spectrum(
  desired_RN = c("Co-60", "Ba-137m"), rad_type = NULL,
  photon = TRUE, prob_cut = 0.015
)
RN_plot_spectrum(
  desired_RN = c("Co-60", "Ba-137m"), rad_type = NULL,
  photon = TRUE, log_plot = 0
)
RN_plot_spectrum(desired_RN = c("Co-60", "Ba-137m"), rad_type = "G")
RN_plot_spectrum(
  desired_RN = c("Pu-238", "Pu-239", "Am-241"), rad_type = "A",
  photon = FALSE, prob_cut = 0.01, log_plot = 0
)

Save radionuclide emission spectra.

Description

Save emission spectra based on radionuclide and desired radiation type. Select cutoff value for probability optional, included at 1% by default.

Usage

RN_save_spectrum(desired_RN, rad_type = NULL, photon = FALSE, prob_cut = 0)
RN_save_spectrum(desired_RN, rad_type = NULL, photon = FALSE, prob_cut = 0)

Arguments

`desired_RN`	Radionuclide in form "Ba-137m"
`rad_type`	Radiation type, leave NULL if selecting photons or select from: 'X' for X-Ray 'G' for Gamma 'AE' for Auger Electron 'IE' for Internal Conversion Electron 'A' for Alpha 'AR' for Alpha Recoil 'B-' for Beta Negative 'AQ' for Annihilation Quanta 'B+' for Beta Positive 'PG' for Prompt Gamma 'DG' for Delayed Gamma 'DB' for Delayed Beta 'FF' for Fission Fragment 'N' for Neutron
`photon`	Use only if you do not specify `rad_type`. TRUE will select all rad_types that are photons. Note that if you select `rad_type = "G"`, for example, you will not get X-rays or Annihilation Quanta (the 0.511 MeV photon from pair annihilation).
`prob_cut`	minimum probability defaults to 0.01

Value

Dataframe with energy spectra - including probability of emission quantum, or, for beta, the probability density.

Examples

Sr_Y_90_df <- RN_save_spectrum(desired_RN = c("Sr-90", "Y-90"), rad_type = "B-", 
photon = FALSE, prob_cut = 0.01)
Co_60_Ba_137m_p_df <- RN_save_spectrum(desired_RN = c("Co-60", "Ba-137m"), rad_type = NULL, 
photon = TRUE, prob_cut = 0.015)
Co_60_Ba_137m_g_df <- RN_save_spectrum(desired_RN = c("Co-60", "Ba-137m"), rad_type = "G")
actinide_a_df <- RN_save_spectrum(desired_RN = c("Pu-238", "Pu-239", "Am-241"), rad_type = "A",
photon = FALSE, prob_cut = 0.01)
Sr_Y_90_df <- RN_save_spectrum(desired_RN = c("Sr-90", "Y-90"), rad_type = "B-", 
photon = FALSE, prob_cut = 0.01)
Co_60_Ba_137m_p_df <- RN_save_spectrum(desired_RN = c("Co-60", "Ba-137m"), rad_type = NULL, 
photon = TRUE, prob_cut = 0.015)
Co_60_Ba_137m_g_df <- RN_save_spectrum(desired_RN = c("Co-60", "Ba-137m"), rad_type = "G")
actinide_a_df <- RN_save_spectrum(desired_RN = c("Pu-238", "Pu-239", "Am-241"), rad_type = "A",
photon = FALSE, prob_cut = 0.01)

Search for alpha

Description

Search for alpha emission based on energy, half-life and minimum probability.

Usage

RN_search_alpha_by_E(
  E_min = 0,
  E_max = 10,
  min_half_life_seconds = NULL,
  max_half_life_seconds = NULL,
  min_prob = 0
)
RN_search_alpha_by_E(
  E_min = 0,
  E_max = 10,
  min_half_life_seconds = NULL,
  max_half_life_seconds = NULL,
  min_prob = 0
)

Arguments

`E_min`	minimum energy in MeV, default = 0
`E_max`	maximum energy in MeV, default = 10
`min_half_life_seconds`	minimum half-life in seconds. Use multiplier as needed, e.g. 3 * 3600 for 3 hours. Default = NULL,
`max_half_life_seconds`	maximum half-life. See min_half_life_seconds.
`min_prob`	minimum probability with default = 0.

Value

search results in order of half-life. Recommend assigning results to a viewable object, such as 'search_results'

Examples

# between 7 and 8 MeV
search_results <- RN_search_alpha_by_E(7, 8)

# 1-4 MeV; half-life between 1 and 4 hours
search_results <- RN_search_alpha_by_E(1, 4, 1 * 3600, 4 * 3600)

# between 7 and 10 MeV with at least 1e-3 probability
search_results <- RN_search_alpha_by_E(7, 10, min_prob = 1e-3)
# between 7 and 8 MeV
search_results <- RN_search_alpha_by_E(7, 8)

# 1-4 MeV; half-life between 1 and 4 hours
search_results <- RN_search_alpha_by_E(1, 4, 1 * 3600, 4 * 3600)

# between 7 and 10 MeV with at least 1e-3 probability
search_results <- RN_search_alpha_by_E(7, 10, min_prob = 1e-3)

Search for beta

Description

Search for beta emission based on maximum energy and half-life.

Usage

RN_search_beta_by_E(
  E_max,
  min_half_life_seconds = NULL,
  max_half_life_seconds = NULL
)
RN_search_beta_by_E(
  E_max,
  min_half_life_seconds = NULL,
  max_half_life_seconds = NULL
)

Arguments

`E_max`	maximum energy in MeV, default = 10
`min_half_life_seconds`	minimum half-life in seconds. Use multiplier as needed, e.g. 3 * 3600 for 3 hours. Default = NULL,
`max_half_life_seconds`	maximum half-life. See min_half_life_seconds.

Value

search results in order of half-life. Recommend assigning results to a viewable object, such as 'search_results'

Examples

# Max beta at least 2 MeV
search_results <- RN_search_beta_by_E(2)
# Max beta at least 2 MeV and half-life between 1 s and 1 h
search_results <- RN_search_beta_by_E(2, 1, 3600)

# Max beta at least 1 MeV and half-life between 1 d and 2 d
search_results <- RN_search_beta_by_E(1, 3600 * 24, 2 * 3600 * 24)
# Max beta at least 2 MeV
search_results <- RN_search_beta_by_E(2)
# Max beta at least 2 MeV and half-life between 1 s and 1 h
search_results <- RN_search_beta_by_E(2, 1, 3600)

# Max beta at least 1 MeV and half-life between 1 d and 2 d
search_results <- RN_search_beta_by_E(1, 3600 * 24, 2 * 3600 * 24)

Search for photon

Description

Search for photon emission based on energy, half-life and minimum probability.

Usage

RN_search_phot_by_E(
  E_min = 0,
  E_max = 10,
  min_half_life_seconds = NULL,
  max_half_life_seconds = NULL,
  min_prob = 0
)
RN_search_phot_by_E(
  E_min = 0,
  E_max = 10,
  min_half_life_seconds = NULL,
  max_half_life_seconds = NULL,
  min_prob = 0
)

Arguments

`E_min`	minimum energy in MeV, default = 0
`E_max`	maximum energy in MeV, default = 10
`min_half_life_seconds`	minimum half-life in seconds. Use multiplier as needed, e.g. 3 * 3600 for 3 hours. Default = NULL,
`max_half_life_seconds`	maximum half-life. See min_half_life_seconds.
`min_prob`	minimum probability with default = 0.

Value

search results in order of half-life. Recommend assigning results to a viewable object, such as 'search_results'

Examples

# between 1 and 1.2 MeV, between 6 and 6.2 hours half-life,
# ... probability at least 1e-4
search_results <- RN_search_phot_by_E(1, 1.2, 6 * 3600, 6.2 * 3600, 1e-4)

# between 0.1 and 0.15 MeV, between 1 and 3 million years half-life
search_results <- RN_search_phot_by_E(0.1, 0.15, 1e6 * 3.153e7, 3e6 * 3.153e7)
# between 1 and 1.2 MeV, between 6 and 6.2 hours half-life,
# ... probability at least 1e-4
search_results <- RN_search_phot_by_E(1, 1.2, 6 * 3600, 6.2 * 3600, 1e-4)

# between 0.1 and 0.15 MeV, between 1 and 3 million years half-life
search_results <- RN_search_phot_by_E(0.1, 0.15, 1e6 * 3.153e7, 3e6 * 3.153e7)

Specific Activity

Description

Provides specific activity of a radionuclide in Bq/g.

Usage

RN_Spec_Act(RN_select, numeric = "n")
RN_Spec_Act(RN_select, numeric = "n")

Arguments

`RN_select`	identify the radionuclide of interest in the format "Es-254m". For multiple specific activities, combine the radionuclides of interest in the form, c("At-219", "Es-251").
`numeric`	default is "n" and a data frame is returned showing the radionuclide, its relative specific activity, and the units. If "y", or any other option is selected for the numeric parameter, specific activity results are delivered as numeric.

Value

specific activity in Bq / g

Examples

RN_Spec_Act("Ac-230")
RN_Spec_Act(c("At-219", "Es-251"))
RN_Spec_Act("Pd-96", numeric = "y")
RN_Spec_Act(c("Cs-137", "Ba-137m"), numeric = "y")
RN_Spec_Act("Ac-230")
RN_Spec_Act(c("At-219", "Es-251"))
RN_Spec_Act("Pd-96", numeric = "y")
RN_Spec_Act(c("Cs-137", "Ba-137m"), numeric = "y")

Count Room Scaler Simulation

Description

Returns a plotted distribution of results for a scaler model based on the Poisson distribution. Inputs and outputs in counts per minute.

Usage

scaler_sim(true_bkg, true_samp, ct_time, trials = 1e+05)
scaler_sim(true_bkg, true_samp, ct_time, trials = 1e+05)

Arguments

`true_bkg`	True background count rate in counts per minute.
`true_samp`	True sample count rate in counts per minute.
`ct_time`	Count time in minutes.
`trials`	Number of sample values, default = 1e5.

Value

A histogram of all trial results including limits for +/- 1 standard deviation.

Examples

scaler_sim(true_bkg = 5, true_samp = 10, ct_time = 1, trials = 1e5)
scaler_sim(true_bkg = 50, true_samp = 30, ct_time = 1, trials = 1e5)
scaler_sim(true_bkg = 5, true_samp = 10, ct_time = 1, trials = 1e5)
scaler_sim(true_bkg = 50, true_samp = 30, ct_time = 1, trials = 1e5)

Stay time for radiation work.

Description

Calculate stay time for radiation work.

Usage

stay_time(dose_rate, dose_allowed, margin = 20)
stay_time(dose_rate, dose_allowed, margin = 20)

Arguments

`dose_rate`	Dose rate per hour for the work - units consistent with dose allowance, e.g. mRem/h, microSv/h.
`dose_allowed`	Dose that can not be exceeded for this job.
`margin`	Percent margin to protect limit, default = 20 percent.

Value

Time in minutes allowed for the work.

Examples

stay_time(dose_rate = 100, dose_allowed = 50, margin = 20)
stay_time(dose_rate = 100, dose_allowed = 50, margin = 20)

Estimate tau parameter for `ratemeter_sim`

Description

If the time constant is not known, but the vendor specifies that the ratemeter will reach some percentage of equilibrium in some number of seconds, use this function to estimate tau.

Usage

tau_estimate(pct_eq, t_eq)
tau_estimate(pct_eq, t_eq)

Arguments

`pct_eq`	Percent equilibrium
`t_eq`	Time, in seconds, to the given percent equilibrium is achieved.

Value

tau, the time constant, in seconds.

Examples

tau_estimate(pct_eq = 90, t_eq = 22)
tau_estimate(pct_eq = 90, t_eq = 22)

Package 'radsafer'

Help Index

Correct for air density - useful for vented ion chambers

Description

Usage

Arguments

Value

See Also

Examples

Calculate fractional solid angle for disk to disk

Description

Usage

Arguments

Value

References

See Also

Examples

Correct activity-dependent value based on radioactive decay.

Description

Usage

Arguments

Value

See Also

Examples

Number of half-lives past

Description

Usage

Arguments

Value

See Also

Examples

Time to decay to target radioactivity.

Description

Usage

Arguments

Value

See Also

Examples

Calculate half-life based on two data points

Description

Usage

Arguments

Value

Examples

half-value layer and tenth-value layer computations

Description

Usage

Arguments

Value

Examples

MCNP Cone Opening Parameter

Description

Usage

Arguments

Value

See Also

Examples

Copy and paste MCNP tally fluctuation charts

Description

Usage

Arguments

Value

See Also

Examples

Rotation matrices for transformations in MCNP

Description

Usage

Arguments

Value

See Also

Examples

Make mesh tally size settings for MCNP

Description

Usage

Arguments

Value

See Also

Examples

Convert histogram data to average points and plot as spectrum.

Description

Copy and paste MCNP output spectral data for use with `mcnp_plot_out_spec()`